Uncovering solvent-engineering mechanisms in Y6:PM6 solar cells

Additives, like 1-chloronaphtalene (CN), are commonly used in Y6:PM6 solar cells as they lead to an increased power conversion efficiency. In this work, we investigate the influence of CN during spin coating dissolved chloroform via situ transmission setup. We show that, presence CN, film formation can be divided into two parts: one related evaporation and CN. This is mostly Y6 being find that even for low concentration, not completed several minutes after process. Furthermore, removal needed achieve a smooth surface. demonstrate fast achieved by electron transport layer PDINN from methanol. The methanol acting anti-solvent leading its film. Using approach, fabricated with high concentration 5% feature comparable performance ones more common concentrations between 0.5% 1%.